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  U.S. March Unemployment Rate Drops to 4.5 Percent

Unemployment rate falls to 10-year low

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics; 
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- MARCH 2017


The unemployment rate declined to 4.5 percent in March, and total nonfarm payroll employment edged up by 98,000,
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment increased in professional and business services 
and in mining, while retail trade lost jobs.

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate decreased by 0.2 percentage point to 4.5 percent in March, and the number of unemployed 
persons declined by 326,000 to 7.2 million. Both measures were down over the year. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult women (4.0 percent), Whites (3.9 percent), and 
Hispanics (5.1 percent) declined in March. The jobless rates for adult men (4.3 percent), teenagers (13.7 
percent), Blacks (8.0 percent), and Asians (3.3 percent) showed little or no change. (See tables A-1, A-2, and 
A-3.)

In March, the number of persons unemployed less than 5 weeks declined by 232,000 to 2.3 million. The number of 
long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little changed over the month at 1.7 million and 
accounted for 23.3 percent of the unemployed. Over the past 12 months, the number of long-term unemployed was 
down by 526,000. (See table A-12.)

The labor force participation rate remained at 63.0 percent in March, and the employment-population ratio, at 
60.1 percent, changed little. The employment-population ratio has edged up over the year, while the labor force 
participation rate has shown no clear trend. (See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as involuntary part-time 
workers), at 5.6 million, was little changed in March but was down by 567,000 over the year. These individuals, 
who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been cut back or 
because they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)

In March, 1.6 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, little changed from a year earlier. 
(The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and were available 
for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because 
they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. (See table A-16.)

Among the marginally attached, there were 460,000 discouraged workers in March, down by 125,000 from a year 
earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not currently looking for work 
because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.1 million persons marginally attached to the 
labor force in March had not searched for work for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. 
(See table A-16.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment edged up by 98,000 in March, following gains of 219,000 in February and 216,000 
in January. Over the month, employment growth occurred in professional and business services (+56,000) and in 
mining (+11,000), while retail trade lost jobs (-30,000). (See table B-1.)

In March, employment in professional and business services rose by 56,000, about in line with the average monthly  
gain over the prior 12 months. Over the month, job gains occurred in services to buildings and dwellings 
(+17,000) and in architectural and engineering services (+7,000).

Mining added 11,000 jobs in March, with most of the gain occurring in support activities for mining (+9,000). 
Mining employment has risen by 35,000 since reaching a recent low in October 2016.

In March, employment continued to trend up in health care (+14,000), with job gains in hospitals (+9,000) and 
outpatient care centers (+6,000). In the first 3 months of this year, health care added an average of 20,000 jobs 
per month, compared with an average monthly gain of 32,000 in 2016. 

Employment in financial activities continued to trend up in March (+9,000) and has increased by 178,000 over the 
past 12 months.

Construction employment changed little in March (+6,000), following a gain of 59,000 in February. Employment in 
construction has been trending up since late last summer, largely among specialty trade contractors and in 
residential building. 

Retail trade lost 30,000 jobs in March. Employment in general merchandise stores declined by 35,000 in March and 
has declined by 89,000 since a recent high in October 2016.

Employment in other major industries, including manufacturing, wholesale trade, transportation and warehousing, 
information, leisure and hospitality, and government, showed little or no change over the month.

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.3 hours in March. In 
manufacturing, the workweek edged down by 0.2 hour to 40.6 hours, and overtime edged down by 0.1 hour to 3.2 
hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 
0.1 hour to 33.5 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

In March, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 5 cents to $26.14, 
following a 7-cent increase in February. Over the year, average hourly earnings have risen by 68 cents, or 2.7 
percent. In March, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 
4 cents to $21.90. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for January was revised down from +238,000 to +216,000, and the 
change for February was revised down from +235,000 to +219,000. With these revisions, employment gains in January 
and February combined were 38,000 less than previously reported. Monthly revisions result from additional reports 
received from businesses since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors. Over 
the past 3 months, job gains have averaged 178,000 per month.

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The Employment Situation for April is scheduled to be released on Friday, May 5, 2017, at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).